Dilleniae radix (Dillenia suffruticosa, L. Dilleniaceae) the cytotoxic effect of dichloromethane extract at the maximum concentration of 100 μg/ml was applied to the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The experiment was conducted using the MTT assay in the presence of tamoxifen as the positive control. The extract showed the time and dose dependent strong cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 15.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL after 72 hours of exposure. This significant result indicates that the Dilleniae radix extract has a potential for developing a new cytotoxic agent. In addition, the authors explained how the investigated extract exhibited the cytotoxic effect. The dichloromethane extract of Dilleniae radix induced the G0/G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 cells probably via the up-regulation of NF-κB, JNK1 and down regulation of the anti apoptotic genes AKT1 and ERK1 (70). Additionally, other studies confirmed the signalling pathway responsible for cytotoxicity of Dillenia suffruticosa extract on breast cancer cells (71, 72). Qualitative phytochemical screening of Dillenia suffruticosa extracts indicated the presence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols, and polyphenolic compounds, which contribute to the cytotoxic activities (72).
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